Indigenous governance bibliography

AIATSIS has compiled this bibliography on Indigenous governance as part of its Indigenous Governance Building: Mapping current and future research and practical resource needs project. It is to be read in conjunction with an AIATSIS bibliography on free, prior and informed consent, engagement and consultation, and other bibliographies relating to various aspects of Indigenous governance which have been included in the following pages and are also available via the project webpage linked above. The term ‘governance’ is wide reaching and it has not been possible to cover all Indigenous governance related topics comprehensively. Within the context of this project governance is broadly defined as a cultural construct where the principles and standards of what constitutes ‘good’, ‘good enough’, ‘strong’, ‘legitimate’, ‘ineffective’, ‘corrupt’ or ‘bad’ governance are informed by culturally-based values, traditions and ideologies; and vary significantly between different societies. There is no end-point goal of ‘perfect’ governance that will eventually be achieved in the future. Rather, governance is adaptive according to context and circumstances. This means it may swing between effectiveness and dysfunction. It is to be found as much in people’s daily self-determined practices, processes and relationships, as it is in visible structures and formal institutions

Deaf and non-deaf research collaboration on Swiss German Sign Language (DSGS) interpreter training in Switzerland

Teaching, training, and assessment for sign language interpreters in Swiss German sign language (DSGS) developments since 1985 have resulted in the current Bachelor level at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Special Needs Education (HfH). More recently, co-teaching with Zurich University of Applied Sciences, School of Applied Linguistics (ZHAW) non-deaf linguists in linguistics and intercultural competence training has led to Deaf and non-deaf research collaboration. At present, there are considerable skills gaps in student proficiency in DSGS- interpreting. Standards that evaluate student second language competencies in DSGS do not yet exist for those who graduate from training programs. Despite DSGS being taught by Deaf sign language instructors, socio-linguistic and pragmatic standards reflecting the practices of the Deaf community are lacking in hearing second language learners. This situation calls for community based research on the linguistic practices embedded in the DSGS community and its domains. The ongoing need for research is to adapt unified standards according to the Common European Reference Frame (CEFR) and the European Language Portfolio (ELP) describing learners’ abilities and competencies, rather than deficiencies. A pilot project compiling existing DSGS teaching materials was carried out by Deaf SL instructors together with non-deaf linguists under auspices of the Swiss Federation of the Deaf (SGB-FSS), HfH Zürich and ZHAW. The findings show at threshold level (A1- A2) a considerable amount of subjects related to pragmatic and intercultural aspects of DSGS not listed in the teaching materials, nor part of CEFR descriptors. Consequently, a community- based project including Deaf and non-deaf researchers was proposed and is under way. With the cooperation of the current European project, PRO-Sign, the project focuses on identifying those aspects of sign language where descriptors of competencies are substantially different from spoken languages. Results from this project will permit the development of unified teaching materials, of standardised assessments and provide a basis not only for purposes of foreign language learning and interpreter training, but also help to foster the development of a CEFR for Sign Languages in Europe

Mykobakterium avium intracellulare-Erkrankungen unter antiretroviraler Therapie

In der vorliegenden Studie wurden studienbegleitende und retrospektive Untersuchungen an 6903 HIV-infizierten Patienten bezüglich der Infektion und Erkrankung durch atypische Mykobakterien und insbesondere des Verlaufs der disserninierten Erkrankung durch Mykobakterium avium intracellulare (MAI) bei AIDS-Patienten und den Erfolg bzw. die Wirksamkeit der antimykobakteriellen und auch der antitetroviralen Therapie durchgeführt. Diese Studie wurde an der Universitätsklinik Frankfurt am Main in der Zeit von 1982 bis 2002 erstellt. Zusammenfassend lassen sich folgende Aussagen aufgrund dieser Untersuchung treffen: 1) Die Gesamtinzidenz der disserninierten MAI-Erkrankung bei HIV-infizierten Patienten war im Frankfurter Raum mit 10,1 % bzw. 4,3/100PYF trotz Verzichts auf eine medikamentöse antimykobakterielle Primärprophylaxe in dieser Region im weltweiten Vergleich eher niedrig. 2) Seit 1996 gab es bei HIV-infizierten Patienten kaum noch Neuerkrankungen mit MAL. Die Inzidenz ist deutlich rückläufig. 3) Diese Entwicklung korrelierte mit der seit dieser Zeit eingesetzten hochpotenten antiretroviralen Therapie mit Proteinaseinhibitoren und nicht nuldeosidalen Reverse-Transkriptase- Inhibitoren (HAART). 4) Unter der heute noch empfohlenen Standardtherapie mit Makroliden und Ethambutol stellte sich insgesamt nur bei 53,3 % der über 30 Tage therapierten Patienten eine Keimelimination ein. 5) Der Einfluß dieser verbesserten Therapie auf den Verlauf der disseminierten MAI-Erkrankung ist als weitaus größer anzusehen als der Einfluss der antimykobakteriellen Kombinationstherapie mit oder ohne Makrolide und geht mit einer deutlich verlängerten Überlebenszeit der Patienten einher. 6) Unter der Kombinationstherapie mit Makroliden erfolgte bei 10 % der Patienten in kurzer Zeit ein Therapieabbruch wegen gastrointestinaler Nebenwirkungen. 7) Aufgrund dieser Ergebnisse ist eine Primärprophylaxe der MAI-Erkrankung mit antimykobakterieller Therapie generell nur bei einer CD4-Zellzahl unter 50 mikro-l gerechtfertigt und eine Sekundärprophylaxe dieser Erkrankung mit antimykobakterieller Therapie wäre bei Ansprechen der hochpotenten antitetroviralen Therapie nicht zu empfehlen.This study presents ongoing and rettospective examinations of 6903 HIV-infected patients conceming infection and disease with atypical mycobacteria especially the course of the disseminated disease with mycobacterium avium inttacellulare (MAI) among AIDS patients and the success and efficiency of the antimycobacterial and the antirettoviral therapy. The study took place in the University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Germany, between 1982 and 2002. According to the study, the following summarizing conc1usions can be drawn: 1) The total incidence of disserninated MAI-disease among HIV-infected patients in the area of Frankfurt is 10.1 % or 4.3 PYF, even without antimycobacterial primary prophylaxis in this region, was relatively low in comparison to worldwide figures. 2) Since 1996 the actual incidence of disseminated MAI-disease among HIV-infected patients declined rapidly. 3) This development correlated to the introduction of highly-active antirettoviral therapy (HAAR]) with protease inhibitors and non-nuc1eoside reverse ttanscriptase inhibitors. 4) The impact of the highly active antiretroviral therapy on the course of the disserninated MAI-disease is exceedingly higher than the impact of the antimycobacterial therapy with or without combinations of macrolide-antibiotics. The survival time of patients increased significantly when treated with HAART. 5) Gastrointestinal intolerances were the cause for discontinuing the therapy early for 10% of macrolide-treated patients. 6) The conventional antimycobacterial therapy (also today treated with) with combination of macrolids and ethambutol showed a low efficiency with elimination rates in 53,3 % in cases treated longer than 30 days. 7) According to these results there is an indication for primary prophylaxis with antimycobacterial therapy of disserninated MAI-disease only for patients with CD4-cells lower than 50 micro-l and a secondary prophylaxis with antimycobacterial therapy against this disease seems not recommendable, if the patient responds to the highly active antirettoviral therapy

An Analytical Solution to Neumann-Type Mixed Boundary Poiseuille Microfluidic Flow in Rectangular Channel Cross-Sections (Slip/No-Slip) including a Numerical Technique to Derive It

In most microfluidic applications, pressure-driven Poiseuille flow in a contained cross-section with no-slip boundary conditions is the underlying fluid- mechanical model. Solutions for this problem exist for many known cross- sections. We have recently demonstrated a simple method to solve the relevant Poisson equation using a finite difference scheme in a spreadsheet analysis tool such as Microsoft Excel. The numerical solutions obtained from such a spreadsheet are close-to-exact to the analytical solutions with errors on the order of only a few percent. However, there are numerous applications in microfluidics for which the no-slip boundary condition is not valid. Examples include drag-reducing air-retaining surfaces as well as open-channel flow. For these scenarios few to no analytical models exist. In this paper, we derive an analytical model for mixed boundary conditions (slip/no-slip) in two dimensions in a rectangular channel cross-section. We also demonstrate that the equivalent numerical solution can be derived conveniently by adaption of the spreadsheet. In general, mixed boundary-type flow scenarios are especially difficult to solve analytically whereas numerical solutions can be derived using Microsoft Excel within seconds

Introduction to the Festschrift

International audienceThis Festschrift is a collection of invited research articles on the occasion of Pierre L'Ecuyer's 70th birthday in 2020. During the pandemic, a celebration with friends and colleagues was impossible. When discussing the opportunity to publish a Festschrift instead, support has been enthusiastic. We are grateful to the authors of this volume for their endorsement and their ready willingness to contribute. The works reflect Pierre's influence on the fields of stochastic modeling, simulation, and operations research. It is a real pleasure to present this Festschrift to honor Pierre L'Ecuyer

Introduction to the Festschrift

International audienceThis Festschrift is a collection of invited research articles on the occasion of Pierre L'Ecuyer's 70th birthday in 2020. During the pandemic, a celebration with friends and colleagues was impossible. When discussing the opportunity to publish a Festschrift instead, support has been enthusiastic. We are grateful to the authors of this volume for their endorsement and their ready willingness to contribute. The works reflect Pierre's influence on the fields of stochastic modeling, simulation, and operations research. It is a real pleasure to present this Festschrift to honor Pierre L'Ecuyer

‘Bonkers but good!’ – Using illustration-based interview methods to understand land management and conservation visions

Visions help to understand common ground and tensions among citizens and stakeholders, supporting inclusive land management and conservation solutions to the climate emergency and biodiversity crisis. With careful design and sufficient resource, it is possible to bring together communities and other stakeholders to share perspectives and deliberate desired futures, identifying more acceptable alternatives and avoiding costly delays. We evaluated researcher and participant experiences of illustration-based interviews to understand land management visions using four studies in Scotland, The Netherlands and Spain. These studies used STREAMLINE, a visual mixed-method interview format using thematic illustrated canvases designed to provide an inclusive and creative framing for participants to contemplate their desired future. Participants enjoyed the informal visual format, which reduced pressure, increased comfort through the research process, and helped their thinking and reflection about complex topics. They also valued being listened to and having the opportunity to share their views. Researchers appreciated the ability to triangulate rich qualitative data with a variety of quantitative measure through the mixed-method format and the flexibility to adapt the canvases to suit their research aims. Positive participant experience made facilitation easier and was stimulating for the researchers. The credibility and legitimacy of illustration-based interviews will ultimately depend on specific research design-decisions and testing, which can make the approach more resource intensive than conventional interviews. While organisational barriers should be considered realistically, illustration-based interviews can have high saliency by providing useful and usable insights that strengthen land management policy and planning

‘Bonkers but good!’ – Using illustration-based interview methods to understand land management and conservation visions

Forest biodiversity studies conduct Visions help to understand common ground and tensions among citizens and stakeholders, supporting inclusive land management and conservation solutions to the climate emergency and biodiversity crisis. With careful design and sufficient resource, it is possible to bring together communities and other stakeholders to share perspectives and deliberate desired futures, identifying more acceptable alternatives and avoiding costly delays. We evaluated researcher and participant experiences of illustration-based interviews to understand land management visions using four studies in Scotland, The Netherlands and Spain. These studies used STREAMLINE, a visual mixed-method interview format using thematic illustrated canvases designed to provide an inclusive and creative framing for participants to contemplate their desired future. Participants enjoyed the informal visual format, which reduced pressure, increased comfort through the research process, and helped their thinking and reflection about complex topics. They also valued being listened to and having the opportunity to share their views. Researchers appreciated the ability to triangulate rich qualitative data with a variety of quantitative measure through the mixed-method format and the flexibility to adapt the canvases to suit their research aims. Positive participant experience made facilitation easier and was stimulating for the researchers. The credibility and legitimacy of illustration-based interviews will ultimately depend on specific research design-decisions and testing, which can make the approach more resource intensive than conventional interviews. While organisal barriers should be considered realistically, illustration-based interviews can have high saliency by providing useful and usable insights that strengthen land management policy and planning. Inclusive Conservation Participatory planning Governance Visions Visual methods Participatory methods d across Europe use a multitude of forestry terms, often inconsistently. This hinders the comparability across studies and makes the assessment of the impacts of forest management on biodiversity highly context-dependent. Recent attempts to standardize forestry and stand description terminology mostly used a top-down approach that did not account for the perspectives and approaches of forest biodiversity experts. This work aims to establish common standards for silvicultural and vegetation definitions, creating a shared conceptual framework for a consistent study on the effects of forest management on biodiversity. We have identified both strengths and weaknesses of the silvicultural and vegetation information provided in forest biodiversity studies. While quantitative data on forest biomass and dominant tree species are frequently included, information on silvicultural activities and vegetation composition is often lacking, shallow, or based on broad and heterogeneous classifications. We discuss the existing classifications and their use in European forest biodiversity studies through a novel bottom-up and top-driven review process, and ultimately propose a common framework. This will enhance the comparability of forest biodiversity studies in Europe, and puts the basis for effective implementation and monitoring of sustainable forest management policies. The standards here proposed are potentially adaptable and applicable to other geographical areas and could be extended to other forest interventions.publishedVersio

Liquid polystyrene: a room-temperature photocurable soft lithography compatible pour-and-cure-type polystyrene

Materials matter in microfluidics. Since the introduction of soft lithography as a prototyping technique and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as material of choice the microfluidics community has settled with using this material almost exclusively. However{,} for many applications PDMS is not an ideal material given its limited solvent resistance and hydrophobicity which makes it especially disadvantageous for certain cell-based assays. For these applications polystyrene (PS) would be a better choice. PS has been used in biology research and analytics for decades and numerous protocols have been developed and optimized for it. However{,} PS has not found widespread use in microfluidics mainly because{,} being a thermoplastic material{,} it is typically structured using industrial polymer replication techniques. This makes PS unsuitable for prototyping. In this paper{,} we introduce a new structuring method for PS which is compatible with soft lithography prototyping. We develop a liquid PS prepolymer which we term as {"}Liquid Polystyrene{"} (liqPS). liqPS is a viscous free-flowing liquid which can be cured by visible light exposure using soft replication templates{,} e.g.{,} made from PDMS. Using liqPS prototyping microfluidic systems in PS is as easy as prototyping microfluidic systems in PDMS. We demonstrate that cured liqPS is (chemically and physically) identical to commercial PS. Comparative studies on mouse fibroblasts L929 showed that liqPS cannot be distinguished from commercial PS in such experiments. Researchers can develop and optimize microfluidic structures using liqPS and soft lithography. Once the device is to be commercialized it can be manufactured using scalable industrial polymer replication techniques in PS - the material is the same in both cases. Therefore{,} liqPS effectively closes the gap between {"}microfluidic prototyping{"} and {"}industrial microfluidics{"} by providing a common material